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Abstract. The article is devoted to the consideration of polysemy as a semasiology-onomasiology category in which both the universal properties of language and thinking and idiomatic-ethnic and national-language features are reflected. Studying the polysemy of a derivative word allows solving two interconnected problems: the problem of the structure of the representation of knowledge in language and the problem of the ways of its categorization in the processes of constructing and understanding language expressions.

Key words and phrases: полисемия, семасио-ономасиологическая категория, универсальные свойства языка и мышления, идиоэтнические особенности, национально-языковые особенности, производные слова, структура представления знания в языке, построение и понимание языковых выражений, polysemy, semasiology-onomasiology category, universal properties of language and thinking, idiomatic-ethnic features, national-language features, derivative words, structure of representation of knowledge in language, constructing and understanding langu