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License Agreement on scientific materials use.
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The pragmatics of narrative structure and methods of presenting the external and internal speech of characters in a literary text (based on M. V. Llosa's novel "The City and the Dogs")
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Nadezhda Dmitrievna Belonozhko
The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow
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Submitted:
June 26, 2025
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Abstract.
The aim of the research is to identify the pragmatics of the narrative structure of a literary text and various ways of presenting the external and internal speech of characters. The article discusses the features of a text with an unusual narrative structure in terms of its influence on the reader's perception of the fictional world, using the example of M. V. Llosa's novel "The City and the Dogs". The analysis of the text shows how the choice of a certain type of narrator, as well as the switching of narration between different narrators, manage the reader's interpretation of the content and create a specific emotional background. At the micro level, these same tasks are realized through various forms of representation of external and internal speech, the pragmatics of which are analyzed using the example of a short passage from the work. The scientific novelty lies in identifying the pragmatic potential of the non-standard narrative structure of a literary text and various ways of introducing the internal and external speech of characters, with an emphasis on their influence on the degree of reader alignment with the characters, their interpretation of the ideological content of the work, and the creation of a specific emotional background. As a result of a detailed study of the literature on the issue, as well as an analysis of practical material, the pragmatics of the text with an unusual narrative structure and the nature of the relationships built on its basis between the reader and the artistic reality were demonstrated. The main ways of representing internal and external speech are systematized, and their pragmatic effect is described.
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Key words and phrases:
нарративная структура художественного текста
тип рассказчика
прагматика
прямая и косвенная речь/мысль
гомодиегетическое/гетеродиегетическое повествование
narrative structure of a literary text
type of narrator
pragmatics
direct and indirect speech/thought
homodiegetic/heterodiegetic narration
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