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Abstract. The article is devoted to the history of the development and exploitation of Anastasievskaya-Troitsky oil and gas deposit - one of the largest deposits in the Kuban region. The author traces the history of the deposit development from the drilling of the first exploration well to the creation of exploiting oil-producing administration "Priazovneft" and the start of oil and gas commercial production in Slavyansky district. Particular attention is paid to the influence of oil-producing industry development rate on the ??social infrastructure of the district and on the creation of preconditions for conversion of Slavyanskaya Cossack village into a major industrial center of the western part of Krasnodar Territory.

Key words and phrases: Анастасиевско-Троицкое месторождение нефти и газа, НПУ "Приазовнефть", Западно-Анастасиевское месторождение нефти и газа, Славянское газовое месторождение, нефтедобыча, Славянский район, Anastasievskaya-Troitsky oil and gas deposit, oil-producing administration "Priazovneft", west-Anastasievskaya oil and gas deposit, Slavyansky gas deposit, oil production, Slavyansky district